Television and Video Glossary -- T-Z
Click the initial letter of the desired topic from the list below.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Tactile Transducer -- For audio/visual applications, a bass shaker q.v. More generally it is a device that converts audio or sub-audible frequencies as an electrical signal into vibrations intended to be felt rather than heard. Some, utilizing mid-range audio frequencies, are used for medical purposes.
Tape Monitor -- Control on an audio amplifier or preamplifier unit that selects the output from a tape recorder or other recording device to be directed to the tone controls, power amplifiers, and speakers while at the same time a different audio source may have been selected and brought into the earlier amplifier stages and also sent out to the recorder. This permits the user to switch back and forth between listening to the source and to the recording (if the recorder has separate heads or other means for simultaneous recording and playback). This control together with appropriate jacks may be present on A/V receivers for video recorders.
Telecine (Television from Cinema) -- Machine used to transcribe movie film content onto electronic media. The most common mechanism in older analog professional equipment does not use a video camera but instead has a "one pixel" wide sensor that scans across an illuminated film frame for however many lines (480 for NTSC) are needed. Such a mechanism is called a flying spot scanner. Typical digital equipment uses a scanning bar with one row of pixels that operates comparably to document scanners.
Telephonic -- Refers to sound with the quality of what would be heard over the telephone, namely pretty much lacking frequency content below 300 Hz and above 3000 Hz which is the typical frequency response of telephone audio circuits.
Television Line -- As a unit of measurement for resolution, "television lines" (in the plural), or TVL, refers to the maximum number of alternating black dots and intervening white spaces that can occur and be distinguished in a straight line whose length is equal to the diameter of the largest circle that fits in the screen or other area of reference. Photographers, when they refer to lines of resolution on film, count only the black lines or dots in a row in a test pattern, ignoring the intervening white spaces. The term TV Lines was introduced as an advertising gimmick to make TV, which has significantly less resolution than photographic film, seem to have more resolution than it does. In the singular, "television line" refers to the narrowest stripe where several of the same, alternating black and white, can be juxtaposed and still be distinguished.
Temporally Adjacent -- Refers to scan lines transmitted consecutively. The term is needed in discussing interlaced video where two temporally adjacent lines are both odd or both even. For progressive scanned video, lines that are temporally adjacent are also spatially adjacent.
Terrestrial -- Over the air, referring to broadcasts or broadcasting stations using antennas mounted on the ground or on ground based structures..
THD -- Total Harmonic Distortion.
THX -- Trademark for theater design guidelines including seating guidelines, and surround sound technology developed by George Lucas and named after one of his films, THX1138. The purpose was to ensure that a film "looks and sounds the same way" wherever presented. Complying theaters must choose equipment from an approved list of items and rent a specific electronic crossover network (bass/treble frequency divider) for the sound system. In video, THX refers to certain video and surround sound audio encoding on laser disks and DVD's. One video test pattern offered by THX has additional fine gray scales for near black shades including blacker than black and near white shades.
300 Ohm -- Refers to a usually flat TV antenna cable consisting of two conductors held parallel about 1/2 inch apart by insulating material, and related electronic components.
3K -- Refers to a group of video formats with a horizontal pixel count of 3072. These formats have been used mainly for professional and commercial movie shooting and production.
3-2 Pulldown (or 2-3 pulldown) -- One method of committing a 24 frame per second movie on film to 60 field per second or 60 frame per second video. Every other film frame is scanned three times and the intervening frames scanned twice to obtain the sequence of video fields or frames. If you single step through a VCR recording of a movie, you will often see the three-two-three-two pattern.
Three Way Speaker System -- Speaker system with separate speakers of appropriate types and sizes: (a woofer for) bass , mid range frequencies, and (a tweeter for) treble . If there are more than three speakers altogether, the speakers of each type are grouped together in three groups in terms of electrical connections.
Throw Distance (of a projector) -- The range of distances from projector to screen in which focus and also acceptable brightness can be achieved.
Throw Ratio (of a projector) -- The projector to screen distance divided by the picture width. This can be varied if the projector has a zoom lens.
Time Base Corrector -- Circuitry in a laserdisk player or VCR used to compensate for slight irregularities in disk rotation or tape movement which irregularities would otherwise result in scan lines' beginning at different horizontal positions on the screen and thereby cause vertical lines and edges as well as the entire picture to appear wavy.
Time Shifting -- The recording of a program for later viewing (or listening).
Tinny -- Refers to sound lacking in bass and also deficient in the lower mid-range (150 to 300 Hz). Characteristic of sound from small portable radios with speakers less than three inches in size.
Tint Control aka Chroma Phase Control or Hue Control -- Correctly, the control that adjusts the phase relationships of the NTSC or PAL color decoder. The effect is to simultaneously change almost all colors in a manner analogous to rotating a color wheel (or painter's palette similarly arranged) and making color assignments (or picking up paint) based on the former position of the color wheel. The identical effect cannot be performed on video such as analog component video whose color content was not quadrature modulated onto a single AM signal although controls with a similar effect have been labeled tint controls.
TiVo -- (pronounced "tee-voh") Trademark for a video recorder that records on a magnetic disk similar to a computer hard drive, and which also requires a subscription to a commercial service that provides some of the programs that may be recorded.
Toe In -- The aiming of loudspeakers at the seating area as opposed to straight out from the wall they are against. Because the higher audio frequencies are "directional", if the speakers are not aimed at the seating area, higher frequencies rely on reflection off of another wall to reach the viewers' or listeners' ears. This reflection may be more desirable or less desirable depending on the room acoustics.
Tone Arm -- The mechanism on a phonograph that holds the stylus over the record, typically a bar or tube with a pivot at one end attached to the phonograph frame and the stylus assembly mounted at the other end. The term probably came about because on early phonographs the tone arm was a tube through which the actual sound was (acoustically) transmitted and amplified, the stylus attached to a diaphragm that immediately converted the stylus vibrations into sound waves with no electronic components involved.
Total Harmonic Distortion -- The amount of distortion consisting of spurious frequencies that are multiples of frequencies present in the source material, expressed as a percentage of the total output signal.
Transcoder -- As used in analog video, an electronic device to convert RGB to color difference video (Y, R-Y, B-Y) or vice versa.
Triad -- As used here, a cluster of one red, one green, and one blue spot on a video screen or display, where the spots may or may not be round and/or arranged as a triangle. In some contexts, three given spots may be related, for example excited by electron beams passing through the same hole in an a shadow mask behind them. One triad may or may not represent exactly one pixel of image content..
Trimmer -- A kind of variable capacitor, often used to fine tune pushbutton TV and radio tuners, or sometimes used as the screwdriver adjustments behind an analog CRT TV to adjust convergence, pincushion distortion, etc.
TTL Level -- Refers to digital signals where 5 volts stands for "one" and zero stands for "zero". Originally, Transistor-Transistor Logic, where the circuit main power supply was five volts DC and in some instances in modern equipment, still is.
Tubby (Boomy) -- Refers to sound with an abundance of content around 80 Hz (the mid-bass range).
Tuner -- The part of a radio, TV set, or stereo system that receives broadcast signals en-masse from an antenna and extracts, via a manually or remotely operated tuning dial or channel selector, the desired signal or program.
Twin Lead -- See 300 Ohm above.
2-3 Pulldown -- See 3-2 Pulldown
2K -- Video formats with 2048 pixels across. Currently used primarily for theater (digital) projection. The most common format is 2048 x 1080 pixels nearly matching 1.85:1 aspect ratio movies. There is also the 2048 x 1536 pixel frame used to scan 35mm film frames, which have an approximate 4:3 aspect ratio.
2x (referring to wheel speed) -- A single chip DLP projector or similar projector flashes two red sub-images, two green sub-images, and two blue sub-images (alternating) instead of one of each color for each video field or video full frame which in turn takes 1/50'th or 1/60'th of a second. If there are two cellophane panels of each color in the color wheel, the actual wheel rotation speed would be equal to that for a projector with 1x wheel speed and one cellophane of each color in its wheel.
TV (Television) -- Should refer to a television receiver, specifically such a unit which possesses channel selector and speaker and supporting electronics, although we use the term to also include such a unit that projects the picture onto a separate screen. (2) The concept of electronically capturing visual scenic information, transmitting such information, and reproducing such information as a motion picture "instantly" in another location.
TVL -- Television Line, q.v. Not necessarily a scan line.
TVCR -- A TV set with built in VCR.
TV/VCR Switch or Setting -- Every VCR has this, and DVD recorders with channel selectors have a similar switch or setting. With "TV" selected, whatever is fed in via the antenna in jack (typically all the channels) also comes out of the VCR's antenna out jack. With "VCR" selected, only the channel showing on the VCR's channel selector, or the taped program being played, comes out of the antenna out jack transposed to channel 3 or channel 4. The VCR's video out jack is unaffected, only the material on the channel showing on the VCR's channel selector, or the taped program being played, comes out here.
U-Matic -- A VCR format originally used by Sony, that uses 3/4 inch wide tape and is somewhat similar to the now obsolete Beta format.
U, V -- (1) The horizontal (greenish yellow to purplish blue) and vertical (purplish red to cyan) axes, respectively on a color wheel diagram used to describe most video. (2) The video signal components B-Y and R-Y, often considered synonymous with Pb and Pr but more correctly adjusted to different levels (proportions) relative to Y (luminance) compared with Pb and Pr. As stated in Wikipedia.org and Answers.com, U = 0.492(B-Y) and V=0.877(R-Y). To produce the picture, the Y is also needed. U and V are also used for PAL video. Use of U and V in NTSC composite video is common but it does not quite optimize the color horizontal resolution to the maximum sensitivity of the human eye to reddish orange and greenish blue as the NTSC specifications call for. See, also, I, Q and Prime Disclaimer.
UHD -- Ultra High Definition -- Refers to video with 3840 pixels across by 2160 pixels vertically (4 times the total pixels of 1920 x 1080 HDTV).
UHF -- Ultra High Frequency -- Comments: Channels 70-83 are no longer used for TV broadcast and TV sets are no longer required to receive them. Other services such as cellular telephones use this part of the UHF frequencies, which as a whole extend from about 316 MHz to 3.16 GHz. Currently most U.S. HDTV broadcasts use the existing UHF channel assignments.
UHP -- Ultra High Performance high intensity discharge, the lamp technology used in most consumer grade LCD, DLP, and LCoS RPTV's and front projectors. The lamp has a small (typically less than 3/4 inch diameter) bulb containing two electrodes with a gap of about a millimeter and produces a very intense near point source of light. Mercury vapor under high pressure is used to achieve the best spectral characteristics for the light.
Underscan -- Condition when the picture size is adjusted so that strips of unused screen area are along all borders. Computer users sometimes leave CRT monitors adjusted this way to guarantee that material such as the "start button" in the lower corner of the Microsoft Windows screen does not disappear beyond the edge if the image should expand and shrink due to power supply voltage changes. Also on some CRT TV sets the edges of the picture suffer distortion when extended all the way to the picture tube edge. See, also, Overscan.
Uninterruptible Power Supply -- Power supply unit with connection to utility power and also a battery backup system which in the event of utility power failure does not incur a power loss, even momentary, at the output.
Unity -- The number 1, when used as a multiplier. Unity Gain Amplifier -- An amplifier or amplifier stage that doesn't actually amplify, namely the output is the same as the input. It does have useful purposes, for example to prevent signals internal to a system from leaking out of an input jack or port, or to convert from a low voltage high current circuit to a high voltage low current circuit or vice versa. This writer has seen radios with several unity gain audio driver stages designed for the sole purpose of having the radio possess the number of transistors it was advertised to possess.
Universal Serial Bus -- One format, including plug and jack configurations, for data transmission between a computer and an external device, often used for digital cameras, scanners, and printers.
Upconversion -- (1) The reconstruction of a video frame or image to have a larger number of scan lines or pixels. See, also, Sampling. (2) The transposition of a block of frequencies, for example one or more broadcast channels' program material, onto a block of higher frequencies. If, for example, a cable system were to carry two broadcasts originally on channel 5, and channel 6 was free, one might be upconverted to channel 6. (3) (Colloquial) The separation of composite video into S-video or the recovery of analog component video or RGB from S-video. Ed. note: We feel that the latter conversions are actually downconversions since composite video is a more complex format compared to component video and also the converting of the color material from S-video to component video involves going to lower frequencies.
Upconverting -- Refers to a DVD player that formats its video output into one of the HDTV formats (720p, 1080i, 1080p) or (colloquially) refers to an A/V receiver that converts composite video into S-video, etc. cross feeding the result to the appropriate (S-video, component video) output. Just because the DVD player or A/V receiver upconverts does not guarantee that the picture quality will be superior to that obtained by feeding the original video signal to the TV as-is.
Upper Field -- The field of "even" scan lines in analog interlaced video is called the upper field because it usually begins with a half line of picture information at the upper right of the screen, above the first (full) scan line in the odd field. If we use a numbering scheme where the first two full lines of the upper field ares labeled "2" and "4", then this half line would be part of scan line 525 for NTSC. Digital video omits this half line.
UPS -- Uninterruptible Power Supply.
USB -- Universal Serial Bus.
V -- Often used (not quite correctly) interchangeably with Pr. See, U, V.
V-Chip -- A licensed proprietary system built into a TV set to restrict viewing of programs such as for control a parent may wish to exercise over his children. Programs as broadcast contain encoded audience rating information that the V-Chip technology recognizes and may cause a program to be blacked out.
VB -- Vertical banding, q.v.
VCR -- Videocassette Recorder. Video tape recorder that uses tape contained in cassettes.
VCR Plus -- A licensed proprietary system built into a VCR to make programming easy. The user punches in one number of up to eight digits, and the start time, day, duration, channel, etc. are computed and filled into the VCR's memory automatically. Generally the number that goes with each TV show is published in newspaper and magazine TV listings.
VCR/TV Switch -- See TV/VCR Switch
Vertical Banding -- An undesirable effect most noticed as visible vertical stripes of slightly different shades of a color where a solid color should be seen. Can be due to different causes, such as inherent shortcomings of a particular brand of LCD panel, or interference in a video signal.
Vertical Filtering -- Video production method used for such purposes as reducing flickering of very thin horizontal lines or objects particularly when they are part of subject matter moving up or down. It consists of blending the content of adjacent scan lines which of course reduces vertical resolution. It can be done optically, for example the telecine's flying spot is a bit larger than what should correspond to one scan line and captures the average of what it spans on the film, or it can be done electronically, for example scan line 1 as output is the mixture of lines 1 and 2 from the camera, scan line 2 is the mixture of lines 2 and 3, etc.
Vertical Retrace Interval; Vertical Blanking Interval -- The time during which the electron beam is moved from the lower right corner to the upper left corner of the screen to draw the next field. In NTSC video, 1.4 milliseconds, or enough time to draw 21 scan lines, has been set aside for this purpose and to insert information to synchronize the electron beam with the transmitted picture for maintaining vertical hold. Typically the electron beam draws 240 odd lines from top to bottom, then 23 lines while it returns to the top, then draws 240 even lines, then 22 lines during retrace, and so on. The exact number of lines blacked out by the TV during retrace and exactly where and how the 525'th line is drawn varies slightly depending on the program content and the make and model of the equipment. Once in awhile you see a TV picture criss crossed with several spurious diagonal lines slanting up from left to right. These are the vertical retrace scan lines mentioned above but due to a defect they were not made black enough. Vertical Blanking Interval is also used to refer to the non-visual-content data (if any) placed separating the blocks of data that represent fields or frames of video content in digital video.
Vertical Squeeze Trick -- (A.k.a. 16:9 mode on a 4:3 TV set) Adjusting the vertical size control (height control) downward so all the scan lines (the raster) occupy a space of the desired aspect ratio (usually 16:9). Used to play 16:9 enhanced DVD's on 4:3 TV sets yielding increased sharpness compared with using the 4:3 setting on the DVD player. Whether a particular TV set not intended to do so can use this technique is a matter of luck since the adjustment may be complicated or may have undesirable side effects such as misconvergence.
VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association) -- An organization which developed standards for video signals, in particular timing standards (in millisconds, microsecnds) for video signals used for computers and computer monitors. Also the standards developed by said organization.
VGA -- Video Graphic Array or ... Adapter -- An analog computer video signal format or equipment to produce or display same, using 480 visible scan lines each normally representing 640 pixels. The significance of this format is that the video signal is made up of the same total number of scan lines (525) transmitted at the same rate (scan rate) as NTSC video converted to a progressive scan format. If not confined to a broadcast channel, an (interlaced) NTSC video signal can also hold the detail of 640 or more pixels across. VGA signals cannot be sent directly into a standard NTSC video input. SVGA; Super VGA -- A computer video signal format with 800 pixels horizontally and 600 pixels vertically. We believe that this format was defined based on a video memory size of half a megabyte for 256 colors, or one 8 bit byte per pixel. XGA; Extended Graphics Array -- A computer video format with 1024 pixels horizontally and 768 pixels vertically. WXGA; Wide XGA -- A computer video format, 1366 x 768, for 16:9 aspect ratio screens. UXGA; Ultra XGA -- A computer video format, 1280 x 1024.
VHF-High, VHF-Low -- There is a frequency gap between the group of VHF TV channels 2-6 and the group 7-13. The former is referred to as VHF-Low and the latter as VHF-High. On some TV sets, the tuner controls treat these as two separate frequency bands and include a switch to select one or the other (and also the UHF band channels 14-69 using a third switch setting).
VHF vs. VHS vs. VCR -- Don't confuse these three terms. VCR refers to any video cassette recorder, including 8mm or Beta. VHS stands for Video Home System, first marketed by the Japanese Victor Co. (JVC). VHS refers to videocassettes with specific physical dimensions, tape dimensions, and recording format, and the recording equipment that uses such cassettes. A VHS cassette can contain programs in any of the formats NTSC, PAL, or SECAM, and purchasers of videos in gift shops should be aware of this. VHF (very high frequency) refers to a portion of the frequency spectrum, approx. 32 to 316 megahertz, used for broadcasting and includes TV channels 2-13.
Many uses of the word "Video" -- (1) "I see" in Latin, (2) Any electronic signal that represents visual information, or the electronics that process such signals, (3) A short three minute or so motion picture with a soundtrack typically consisting of a single popular song. The term "video" was applied to these programs only after they proliferated on, or as, television programs.
Video Processor -- Currently (2006) refers to a unit that converts interlaced video into progressive scan video (de-interlacing) and/or scales video (to have a different scan line count and/or different frame rate) and/or converts from one color space to another e.g. Y,R-Y,B-Y to RGB and/or may perform other processing. Currently the term specifically excludes units that do just comb filtering or do just the simplest de-interlacing by repeating (doubling, etc.) scan lines or do just color space conversion. Devices that do just color space conversion are called transcoders.
Video Wall -- An array of video displays or screens (side by side; one atop another) together with electronics that can, among other options, display a single image over the entire array. Today's (LCD and similar) displays permit nearly seamless display of larger images that span more than one screen or display unit.
Virtual Channel -- The channel number in a TV broadcast station's logo, usually the channel number the station used before changing to digital broadcasting.
VTR -- Video Tape Recorder.
VOD -- Video On Demand. System which can carry television broadcasts but also allowing a viewer/subscriber to request a specific program to be transmitted to him at a specific time.
WAF (not a military term regarding women) -- Wife Acceptance Factor, q.v.
Water Heater Sub -- Subwoofer system in an upright cylindrical enclosure or cabinet resembling a typical hot water tank.
Weave -- Method of de-interlacing where intervening scan lines are taken from the next field. A disadvantage of using the weave techique exclusively is that, when subject motion has occurred between two fields, the finished full frame will have moving subjects with fuzzy (comb-like) side edges. See, also, Bob.
White Flag -- The means whereby a (12") CAV laser disk of a 24 fps film program is encoded so that the even and odd fields match when the player displays a still frame. Without white flagging, the laser player may do a still frame with the odd interlaced field taken from what was one film frame and the even interlaced field taken from the next film frame. The result is a flickering double exposure effect. One consequence of correctly white flagged movies is that the laser player's frame counter will count 24 frames for one second's worth of playing time. NTSC programs not from film sources or that are not white flagged will count 30 frames for one second's worth of playing time. Similar flags are also sometimes encoded on DVD so the player can reconstruct full frames for progressive scan output.
White Level Control -- The contrast control on a TV set, sometimes labeled "picture". More specifically this control should vary the intensity level of white on the screen while not altering the intensity of what should be black, and should alter the various gray shades to maintain proportions. The effect is almost by definition varying the contrast.
Wide Screen -- Refers to a video program or movie whose picture has a wider aspect ratio than approximately 4:3.
Windowbox -- Refers to a video program where the picture is zoomed out so far that unused screen area appears on all four sides. The purported reason for doing this intentionally is to ensure that the entire picture can be seen even on TV sets with a lot of overscan. See, also, Letterbox, Pillarbox.
Wife Acceptance Factor -- A subjective measure of, or rather, explanation of, reluctance to purchase elaborate technology. So named because it is usually the husband who is more deeply interested in the equipment and its benefits and it is usually the wife who is more concerned about the cost of the equipment or how the equipment fits into the room decor when not in use.
Wiselink (tm) -- This feature on a TV set provides a jack to let you plug in a memory or storage module (which may resemble a cigarette pack or resemble your thumb) and view slides or snapshots, or listen to MP3 audio files.
Wobulation -- Hewlett Packard's trademark for its DMD projection TV technology (also a DLP manufactured by Texas Instruments) where the tiny mirrors have two to four slightly different active positions allowing one DMD panel to project superimposed slightly staggered sub-images of lesser resolution and therefore achieve twice(or even four times) the native resolution of the DMD panel. An early (2005) application is using a 960 x 1080 pixel panel to provide a 1920 x 1080 pixel picture. Since the better DLP (DMD) projectors already project 120 sub-images of each of the three colors every second for 60 fps video to reduce rainbow effects, this vertical interlacing is unlikely to produce artifacts that most people would notice. In order to achieve the best resolution the mirrors themselves must be small enough so that the pixels projected for one subimage do not overlap the pixels projected for another; there are already a few models where the pixels projected are too large.
WOLED -- Organic light emitting diode video screen ttechnology where some of the tiny subpixel sized LEDs deliver white light giving a brighter image suitable for a more brightly limited room. This keeps the deeper blacks achieved with self emitting pixels and no back light although with some washing out of colors when the white LEDs come on. Correctly, WOLED screens (also called WRGB OLED) have four (white, red, green, blue) subpixels in every pixel position. There are similar OLED technologies, mostly for 4K resolution, with not all of red, green, and blue subpixels in every pixel position and also referred to as RGBW.
Wow -- Repeated increase and decrease of pitch of reproduced audio, under about two repetitions per second, due to non-uniform rotation of a (n analog) record or non-uniform linear speed of analog tape. (A higher repetition rate is referred to as flutter.) Wow and Flutter -- A measure, expressed in percent of speed change where lower is better, of the expected non-uniformity of tape movement or turntable rotation for a given tape recorder or player or for a given phonograph.
WRGB -- Correctly refers to digital TV/video screen technology where each pixel has four subpixels (white, red, green, blue). This gives overall brighter images but with some washing out of colors when the white pixels come on. Currently (2022) only widely marketed with organic LED (OLED) subpixels. Sometimes the other pixels are self emitting red, green, and blue respectively; sometimes all subpixels are white with red, green, and blue subpixel sized color filters used. See, also, RGBW.
WS -- Wide Screen, still (2022) refers to pictures with aspect ratio greater than about 1.33:1.
X-Box -- Sony's trademark for a line of its video game units that include built in DVD players.
XGA -- 1024x768 resolution. See, also, VGA.
XM -- Trademark for a subscription satellite delivered wireless radio broadcast service, also shorthand for the name of the company (XM Satellite Radio, Inc. now merged with Sirius satellite radio) that provides the service.
xvYCC (Extended Video Y/Cb/Cr) -- A digital video format with 8 bit Y/Cb/Cr components but with the color component values ranging from 1 to 254 rather than the older standard of 16 to 240. The intent is to reproduce a larger color gamut (more, deeper, shades) without requiring more bits and without "stretching out" the 16 to 240 range ending up with visible contours or "posterization" where a smooth gradation of shading should be.
Y -- Video signal representing luminance, which by itself would represent the picture in black and white. Quantitatively, Y = 0.299R + 0.587G + 0.114B for NTSC, it is slightly different for U.S. HDTV.
Y/C -- Another name for S-Video.
Y/Cb/Cr or Y/Cr/Cb -- Luminance and color difference video signals in digital form. See, also, Analog Component Video. Due to differing normalizing constants (proportioning) to optimize the video signal for digital or analog transmission, simply converting a standard Y/Cb/Cr signal to analog does not result in a standard analog (Y/Pb/Pr) signal and vice versa. Occasionally analog component video connections are incorrectly labeled Y/Cb/Cr.
YIQ -- The system of representing video as three subsignals, a kind of "component video": with Y as luminance, I for reddish orange to greenish blue color content, and Q for yellow green to purple content. See I, Q.
Y/Pb/Pr or Y/Pr/Pb -- Luminance and color difference video signals in analog form. See Analog Component Video
YUV -- The system of representing video as luminance (Y), and color difference signals R-Y (U) and B-Y (V) after proportioning (scaling) for intended combination of these signals into (analog) composite video. (2) Another name, not rigorously correct, for analog component video or Y, Pb, Pr.
Zoom -- Expansion or shrinking of a picture uniformly both horizontally and vertically, possibly cropping the sides and/or top and bottom, or the control on a TV set or projector or DVD player or scaler for performing said function. We refer to the spacing out or scrunching in of scan lines on a CRT as optical zoom. Electronic zoom, on an LCD or other fixed pixel display or keeping the same number of scan lines on a CRT in the same places, requires scaling (upconversion, downconversion) of the subject material. (2) A teleconferencing system created by Zoom Video Communications, Inc. to link personal comuters and telephones via the internet (audio only on non-smart phones).
For more topics click the initial letter of the desired topic from the list below.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Didn't find it here? Try these interesting web pages!
(subject to availability)
Crutchfield's Home Audio & Video Information LibraryinSync -- Sweetwater Video Information
(choose letters of alphabet under the title line)
Top of Page
More Video Topics
Go to topics on other
subjects
Contact us
(c) Copyright 1998-20023, Allan W. Jayne, Jr.
If you would like to contribute an idea for our web page, please send us an e-mail. Sorry but due to the volume of e-mail we cannot reply personally to all inquiries.